PUNISHING CORRUPTION OFFENDERS AND RECOVERING STATE ASSETS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56107/penalaw.v4i2.332Keywords:
corruption offences, state financial losses, asset recovery, compensation for state losses, asset confiscationAbstract
The eradication of corruption is not solely oriented towards the criminal punishment of offenders, but also towards the recovery of state financial losses. Such recovery may be pursued through various legal instruments, including the payment of compensation equivalent to state losses, the seizure and confiscation of assets, civil proceedings in certain circumstances, the tracing of proceeds of money laundering offences, and international legal cooperation. This study examines two issues: first, the legal framework governing the recovery of state financial losses resulting from corruption offences; and second, the legal obstacles to its implementation and the prospects for strengthening the applicable legal framework. This study employs normative legal research using statutory and conceptual approaches, conducted through a literature review of relevant legal materials. The analysis indicates that the legal framework for recovering state financial losses provides several complementary instruments. However, their implementation requires clarity regarding the relationship between the various mechanisms, evidentiary accuracy, protection of third-party rights, and effective enforcement of court judgments. A comparison with the United States and South Korea indicates that both countries have more comprehensive legal frameworks for asset recovery, whereas Indonesia continues to face significant challenges, particularly in cross-border asset recovery. Asset recovery must also be assessed carefully by distinguishing between the amount of compensation ordered by the court, assets identified or seized, assets confiscated, and the value actually recovered by the state. Accordingly, optimising the recovery of state financial losses requires regulatory harmonisation, procedural clarity, stronger inter-agency coordination, and effective monitoring of the enforcement of court judgments, while safeguarding the principle of legality and the right to a fair trial.
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